ALS and weak muscles
ALS is a disease that affects communication between the brain and the muscles. It
is no surprise, therefore, that the earliest symptoms often include muscle weakness
affecting an arm or a leg. As the communication begins to break down, the muscles
begin to weaken from disuse.
Early symptoms of ALS may first show up as a lack of coordination. For example:
- Tripping frequently
- Stumbling
- Problems with manual dexterity (like writing, turning a key, or buttoning a shirt)
Spasticity (tightening and stiffness of the muscles) is caused by upper neuron degeneration,
while muscle weakness, atrophy (wasting away of muscle mass), and muscle cramps
are symptoms of lower neuron degeneration.
As degeneration continues, weakness will spread to other muscles in other parts
of the body. Neck muscles weaken. Arms and legs weaken. As the disease progresses,
people with ALS will have greater problems with mobility.
Adapting to muscle weakness
Muscle weakness in the legs may require a person to use a cane or crutches. Some
may need wheelchairs.
For those in the early stages of ALS, an occupational therapist can help find solutions
for problem activities. Adaptive devices, home modifications, and compensatory strategies
can help people with ALS be more independent. Compensatory strategies include:
- Using stronger muscles to compensate for weaker ones
- Establish motion economy techniques to move the body more efficiently
- Support weak muscles to increase the function of the limbs
The stages of ALS vary from
person to person, but eventually standing or walking will not be possible. As muscles
weaken, even getting in and out of bed will require assistance.